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You simply have to dry them out, and you can use them again.ĭespite all the benefits, flood bags have certain disadvantages that may make them inappropriate for protecting your house of business.įirst of all, flood bags work only in freshwater. Usually, flood bags have up to 10-year shelf life and may be compactly stored in your basement or any cupboard until you need them next time.Īnother benefit of flood bags compared to traditional sandbagging is that it will take much less time and effort to clean after the flooding.Īlso, flood bags are reusable. You simply place them at the potentially flooded area, and they will expand, absorbing up to 20L of water each, sealing the passage. In other words, while it takes some significant time and manpower to erect a sufficient sandbagging dike, using flood bags is easy and does not need any physical work. They are filled with a powerful absorbent that actives once they contact freshwater. Unlike heavy sandbags, flood bags come in compact flat packaging. In fact, flood bags take the best out of the well-tested sandbagging and upgrade the principle eliminating all the pitfalls of the traditional flood control method. ![]() Sandbags and flood bags - what is the difference?Īt first sight, the principle of sandbagging and flood bags may seem pretty similar, and therefore, many people may ask why should they spend money on flood bags, while the good old sandbagging seems to do the same job for less. In this article, we shall talk about the benefits of flood bags and flood barriers for home, business, or any other type of property, point out why they are so much more efficient and reliable than traditional sandbagging, and discuss some things you may want to consider before making the purchase. While flood bags and flood barriers for home are among the most popular and efficient modern flood control solutions, it is still essential to make an informed decision and pick the product that suits you best. ![]() Heavy rainfall or snowmelt may easily overwhelm your local drainage or sewer system and turn streets into riverbeds. Floods happen all the time and everywhere today. Whether you live in a coastal area or in a big city away from significant water bodies, it is high time to take flood control seriously. The further out into space you look, the further back in time you are seeing. Looking back in time JWST has found the oldest galaxies ever seen, like GLASS-z13 (above), 13.4 billion lightyears away. That’s a change of 40%from the original, so its redshift is z = 0.4. Illustration showing the expansion of the Universe from the Big Bang to the present day.Credit: Andreus / iStock / Getty Images Plus How astronomers describe redshiftĪstronomers describe the redshift of light (denoted by z) using the percentage its wavelength has changed.įor example, if a galaxy’s visible light, emitted at a wavelength of 500 nanometres (nm), arrives at Earth at 700nm, it has been redshifted by 200nm. So forget the idea of galaxies speeding away from each other through space, and instead remember that space itself is expanding, continuously stretching light waves that propagate through it. This type of redshift is called the cosmological redshift.Īnd here’s the relation between distance and redshift: the further away a galaxy is, the longer its light takes to reach us.Ī longer light travel time means more cosmic expansion, more wavelength stretching and thus a higher redshift.ĭoppler shift from the galaxy’s motion through space may slightly adjust this cosmological redshift, but this is a minor effect for remote objects, so a galaxy’s observed redshift is usually a reliable indicator of its distance. It may take many millions of years for these light waves to reach Earth.ĭuring this time empty space is expanding, stretching the light waves along with it, so they arrive at Earth with a longer, redder wavelength. So why are galaxies redshifted? Well, think of light waves with a particular wavelength emitted by a remote galaxy. Credit: NASA, ESA, Leah Hustak (STScI) Redshifting and galaxies As light travels through expanding space, it is stretched to longer wavelengths. If there’s no true space motion, the Doppler effect doesn’t come into play. Instead, empty space itself is expanding, pushing galaxies ever further apart. The thing is: galaxies are not racing through stationary space, as many people believe. Observing redshift on larger scales, however, didn’t occur until 1912, when Lowell Observatory astronomer Vesto Slipher found that most galaxies displayed large redshifts, meaning they were receding at hundreds or even thousands of kilometres per second.īut the discovery of the expansion of the Universe, by Belgian cosmologist Georges Lemaître and his American colleague Edwin Hubble in the 1920s, turned everything on its head. Using spectral features – bright lines that appear at specific wavelengths – he could tell how much its observed wavelength had shifted, revealing the star’s velocity along the line of sight: its radial velocity. Three years later, French physicist Armand Hippolyte Fizeau observed Doppler shift in the light of stars. Observers on the platform heard the changing pitch – higher as the train approached, lower as it sped away. In 1845, the Doppler effect was first demonstrated for sound, in a famous experiment in which Dutch meteorologist Christophorus Buys Ballot put horn players on a moving train. This phenomenon was predicted in 1842 by Austrian physicist Christian Doppler. The further away a galaxy is, the more its light is shifted to longer wavelengths – an effect known as redshift The faster an object is moving towards or away from the observer, the larger the shift will be. ![]() ![]() In the case of an approaching light source, we observe a shorter wavelength (a higher pitch or ‘blueshift’). If it is moving away, then each new wave crest is emitted from a slightly larger distance away from the observer, so each subsequent wave crest takes longer to arrive, corresponding to a longer observed wavelength.įor sound waves, this would mean a lower pitch for light, a redder colour. More often than not, this redshift is erroneously explained as a Doppler effect, where the motion of an object changes the wavelength it emits. ![]() The light of remote galaxies we observe with our telescopes has a slightly redder colour than the light emitted by that galaxy long ago – the wavelengths have shifted towards the red end of the spectrum.īut why does this happen? Redshift and the Doppler effect Light is comprised of waves, the wavelength of which determines their colour. Redshift is precisely what the name implies. The engine is beautiful, sounds amazing and I couldn’t be more thrilled with the performance. He communicated all through the order and assembly process. Greg talked to me about what my goals were and then put together a quote listing all the parts necessary. The customer service and technical advice was outstanding. Most recently I ordered a 461 Stroker engine kit and Cold Case radiator. Over the last several years I have purchased multiple items from Butler for my 1966 Pontiac GTO. ![]() As a business owner and manager I know that most correspondence is from unhappy customers. I just wanted to take a minute to tell you how pleased I am with my purchases and customer service from you. Apparel, Cups, Decals, Books, Gift Cards.I certainly do appreciate any and all comments, keeps me thinking. There is the cam profile to consider (Comp XE262H), but I still believe it’s a point and a half too high for my application. I don’t think that’s a practical number for a daily driven truck. The simple Summit compression calculator says that 400 cu in with 69 cc chambers, 0 deck, flat top pistons. Right now, with the factory advertised 10.25 CR, it’ll rattle pretty good until the poor old StratoFlight decides to kick down. Add in the 100 degree California sunshine and you have a recipe for detonation, especially with crappy California gas. Here we are talking automatic trans, 3.23 gears and 30” tall bias ply tires lugging a 3200 truck around the streets at 35-55 mph mostly. And with a 4 or 5 spd and 4.11-4.88 gears you can get away with a lot of compression but that ain’t the case here. I know some engines are more detonation resistant than others, I ran my 392 Chrysler with a 10% over 6-71 and 10:1 compression on pump gas with no ill effects. Ever since they decided that leaded gas was horribly dangerous for humans, hot rod magazines have been recommending 9 - 9.5:1 compression max for street engines running cast iron heads and pump gas. What am I missing here? Maybe I’ve read too many magazines. I should end up with around 9.2:1Īny reasons why they won’t work? Am I overlooking anything? Let’s hear from the Pontiac fans. The compression height is close enough at 1.710 vs 1.700 for the pistons in the kit. They state that they have valve reliefs for the 14 & 20 degree valve angles. ![]() ![]() Summit and Jeg’s show KB hypereutectic pistons (KB346.std) for 400 Pontiac applications. ![]() I’m thinking I can use Std bore (4.120) 400 Pontiac pistons since my block had to go to 0.060 to clean up. Taking 10 ccs out of the chambers only gets me down to 10:1, so I looked for some dished pistons. The pistons supplied in the kit combined with the heads I have (69cc) make for about an 11:1 compression ratio. It seems I didn’t think it through when I ordered the master engine kit from Northern Auto. I’m building a ‘62 Pontiac 389 for my Stude pickup to replace the ‘59 389 that’s in it now. I was hoping to find an all encompassing string of Pontiac engine information like that Olds Rocket thread, but I didn’t. First, let me admit that I’m useless when it comes to using the search function here on the HAMB. While time-out generally is effective in reducing problem behaviors, some children will not respond well to a time-out procedure. Step 1: Decide whether a particular student would benefit from time-out. Note key information about time-outs, including the date and time of each time-out incident, the student who was timed out, and the location and the duration of the time-out. Log all incidents in which time-out is used as a behavioral consequence.Get signed parent permission to use time-out with students (particularly if using either the exclusion or isolation/seclusion forms of time-out).Verify that the state and school district permit the use of student time-out as a behavior management strategy.(Refer to What Every Teacher Should Know About…Punishment Techniques and Student Behavior Plans for a review of aversive approaches to discipline and their possible unintended effects.) Preparation:īecause use of time-out in the classroom can impact a student's inclusion with peers and access to instruction, Yell (1994) advises that teachers take the following precautionary steps in preparing for and using time-out: Consider discontinuing any behavior management strategy if the student shows a strong, sustained negative reaction to it. All incidents in which the student is timed out should be recorded in writing. ![]() Therefore, students should be carefully monitored when time-out is being used. ![]() As with other types of punishment, the use of time-out can result in unintended negative effects on the student. Also, students obviously cannot be deprived of lunch, bathroom breaks, or extended periods of classroom instruction just because they are placed in time-out.īecause time-out is intended to reduce the frequency of a target behavior, it is classified (in the technical sense) as a punishment procedure. Because one consequence of time-out is that children may be excluded-even if briefly-from their instructional settings, the approach should be used only when less intrusive behavioral interventions have been tried and found to be unsuccessful. Teachers should keep in mind important ethical considerations when using time-out. For example, time-out might be employed to reduce the frequency of a student's negative behaviors (e.g., loud confrontations with teaching staff) while an individualized reward system might be put in place to increase the frequency of appropriate student behaviors (e.g., quickly and courteously complying with teacher requests). ![]() Typically, time-out is used in tandem with positive discipline techniques. Time-out from reinforcement ("time-out") is a procedure in which a child is placed in a different, less-rewarding situation or setting whenever he or she engages in undesirable or inappropriate behaviors. Vaccine misconceptions were relatively common. Greater perceived disease susceptibility and severity and vaccine efficacy and safety were associated with a decreased likelihood of a child in the school having an exemption. ![]() Nurses were more likely than nonnurses to hold beliefs supporting the utility and safety of vaccination. The majority of respondents believed that children (95.6%) and the community (96.1%) benefit when children are vaccinated. A child attending a school with a respondent who was a nurse was significantly less likely to be have an exemption than a child attending a school with a respondent who was not a nurse (odds ratio : 0.39 95% confidence interval : 0.28–0.56). Surveys were returned by 69.6% of eligible participants. Regression models were adjusted for clustering of children in schools, type of school (public versus private), and state. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore associations between personnel factors and beliefs (independent variables) with the likelihood of a child having an exemption (dependent variable). ![]() ![]() School personnel reported their training and perceptions of disease susceptibility/severity, vaccine efficacy/safety, key immunization beliefs, use of alternative medicine, confidence in organizations, sources, and credibility of vaccine information, and the rates of vaccine exemptors in their schools. Surveys were mailed to a stratified and random sample of 1000 schools in Colorado, Massachusetts, Missouri, and Washington. We studied school personnel involved in the review of student's immunization status to determine whether personnel training, immunization-related knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs, use of alternative medicine, and sources of vaccine information were associated with the vaccination status of school children. Parents of exempt children were significantly less likely to report confidence in medical, public health, and government sources for vaccine information and were more likely to report confidence in alternative medicine professionals than parents of vaccinated children.Ĭontinued efforts must be made to educate parents about the utility and safety of vaccines, especially parents requesting nonmedical exemptions to school immunization requirements.Objectives. Parents of exempt children were significantly more likely than parents of vaccinated children to report low perceived vaccine safety and efficacy, a low level of trust in the government, and low perceived susceptibility to and severity of vaccine-preventable diseases. The most common reason stated for requesting exemptions (190 of 277) was concern that the vaccines might cause harm. The most common vaccine not received was varicella (147 of 277 exempt children). Most children (209 of 277) with nonmedical exemptions received at least some vaccines. Surveys were completed by 2435 parents (56.1%). ![]() Surveys were mailed to the parents of 815 exempt children (cases) and 1630 fully vaccinated children (controls randomly selected from the same grade and school) recruited from 112 private and public elementary schools. To determine why parents claim nonmedical exemptions and to explore differences in perceptions of vaccines and vaccine information sources between parents of exempt and fully vaccinated children.Ĭolorado, Massachusetts, Missouri, and Washington. The rate of nonmedical exemptions to school immunization requirements has been increasing, and children with exemptions have contributed to outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. ![]() The game is set to be released through the Epic Games Store on Feb. Henchman Story is available on Steam and Nintendo Switch. It’s an interesting take on a well-worn genre, and while parts of it are hammy or predictable, the core choices remain compelling. Can I afford another gig? In this economy? One of the most powerful tools the narrative leverages against players on the good path is the simple question of survival. But what about when the entire system someone lives in is designed to reward them for being bad? We’ve all seen the movies with Iron Man or read about the villainy of Doctor Doom - but what about the people who work for them, who are just there to get a paycheck?Īs Henchman Story works its way toward its climax, developer Silken Sail Entertainment both gives you lots of rewards for being bad - and lots of chances to back away and turn to the side of good. henchman remark) in the world of Max Payne if that power would be fully contained. It’s easy to answer a moral question of whether I should be a good or bad person in a vacuum. story in both of the first two games.24 Mona, it seems, could only be. Instead, it’s much more interested in questions of self-interest and survival. Bedlam’s a supervillain who loves chaos and despair, but the narrative doesn’t linger long on him. Player choices become less about whether Stan is a good or bad person - in fact, Henchman Story doesn’t seem interested in “bad” people. That fixation causes problems in the rest of his life, which I have to either roll with or desperately try to repair. ![]() Madame Scorpion is an assassin with a suite of mysterious powers, and she’s oddly interested in Stan. Stan starts as a henchman under the employ of a silly, scene-chewing bad guy called Lord Bedlam, but a new executive coming aboard complicates things quickly. He’s just a cog in a corporate system, and the stresses of day-to-day worker life are amplified a thousandfold - he works for a supervillain, after all. Stan lives on a supervillain base, where he receives meals, shelter, and benefits. Eventually, I have to make big choices on whether to betray a friend, overthrow a boss, or relentlessly pursue my own self-interests. While these choices start small - am I nice to my obnoxious supervisor, or do I snidely dunk on the dude? - they ramp up as the story goes on. Henchman Story is a visual novel, so the gameplay comes down to making choices in dialogue trees. It’s a simple ride made more interesting by the cast of characters and the compelling core conflict. While Henchman Story is an interactive tale about superheroes, it’s also a story about living in a world where superheroes haven’t stopped capitalism from running amok. ![]() But then a new venture capitalist joins the team, and things get much more interesting. I’m bored but content, and the benefits are too good to quit despite the occasional beating from a hero. I play Stan, a goon who works for an over the top, bombastic supervillain. In response, some dev teams will be taking their titles off the market to avoid this fee.Henchman Story starts off with a full-throttle goofy tone, and at first I thought I was in for a standard superhero story - just from a slightly different point of view. That being said, there will likely be a huge shift in indie development with Unity's new download fee that will go into effect at the start of 2024. In many ways, access to software like Unreal Engine and Unity has made indie development much more viable with pre-packaged tools like RPG Maker highlighting the creativity of a lot of folks. story (Will your decisions result in the survival or destruction of your. If I had to pick an expertise, I'd say it would be the diversity and development of independent games. ![]() TheGamer is a great platform for me to share my thoughts and ideas while getting a chance to read the writings of others which broaden my perspective. Since I started, I've had the opportunity to learn a lot about the industry, conduct research investigations, and most important, interview developers of all sorts. I've been writing about games and pop culture for over 5 years now with a focus on indie games. When he's not playing or writing, he's drawing comics and making puns. He's spent a lot of time working as a video editor and graphic designer for sites like Guide Fall and plans to continue his efforts for TheGamer. Will Quick is a game player, journalist, and content creator currently living in Spain. Update (7 february 2012): if you run this on a busy server, you might want to run. Update (9 December 2010): added requirement for curl. If you are running 64 bit Linux and 64 bit BOINC then you might have a problem with projects that issue 32 bit applications rather than 64 bit applications. To avoid restarting your computer at the end of installation (the forced reboot seems totally useless), you can just delete the file named RebootPending.txt in BOINC’s folder. On a side note, I just installed BOINC into Windows 7 too. Two command-line management tools are available: boinccmd and boinc. Now, of course, you might want to configure the thing to run at start up, or even as a service, but this is getting out of the scope of this post, and there are actually some guides available for that, here are some pointers: Install boinc-nox to use BOINC on a headless system. boinccmd -project_attach cee742fga12345b123ab27e51bb6d5c4Īnd that’s it… I don’t understand why noone at BOINC took the time to write down those instructions clearly. The result is: you have to (re-) install the video driver after each Linux update, to re-establish the link between them. The video driver - especially the special bits of the driver we use for computing - stops working. Attach a project and your user key to the client using boinccmd, for instance: If you update Linux (by itself), that linkage gets broken.It communicates with a running client using. Detach the screen (CTRL+A, CTRL+D) or open another terminal. The BOINC command tool (boinccmd) provides a command line interface to control a running BOINC client (boinc(1)).(NB: depending on your Linux version, you may need to install curl, for instance on Ubuntu: apt-get install curl) Launch a screen ( screen), inside which you’ll run run_client (.Navigate to the newly created subfolder BOINC ( cd BOINC).I use the standard Linux distribution version of the manager/client. I have browsed through the client source a couple times to glean more information about the testing being done to arrive at a FOUND GPU. Get the BOINC client (for instance, wget ). I have encountered this several times on Linux systems and I have been able to 'guess' why the BOINC client is not able to find the GPU.Note your account key (you’ll need it later).For the example, I’ll be creating an account at Quantum Monte Carlo Home by University of Muenster (Germany). ![]() Create an account for the project you want.I recently tried to install it on a Linux server, and got lots of trouble figuring out how to configure it using only the command line: as a definitely mainstream program, they seem to revolve around their GUI and the documentation for the command line, although not inexistent, isn’t of much help when it comes to simply configuring the software… So here’s a complete step-by-step guide (even included the properly documented parts) to get it started: If you get it working, it'd be great if you can share info as others might like to follow in your footsteps.BOINC is a large distributed computing project, or more accurately, a piece of software used by a bunch of distributed computing projects. Please post back with more info if you continue to have TurnKey specific issues and I'll do my best to help out. Please keep in mind that TurnKey v15.x is based on Debian 9/Stretch. It looks like the BOINC forums are here if you need BOINC specific assistance. I suspect that the daemon config will be in /etc/default/boinc-client and the rest of the BOINC config will likely be found in /etc/boinc-client. You may need to adjust some of the config. ![]() To start it right now, try this: systemctl start rvice So if you've installed BOINC from the Debian repos (as it sounds like you have) you should only need to run something like this (to make is auto start on boot): systemctl enable rvice Seeing as systemd is becoming standard across most Linux distros, they may even already include a service file to support running it as a daemon? Actually, a quick look through their source code and I discovered a file that appears to be a systemd '.service' file. The XML formats are documented in GuiRpcProtocol. Other BOINC projects run about the same on each OS. TN-Grid runs like 30 faster vs Windows, Universehome (BHSpin) is like 50-60 faster vs Windows, when WCG has a project running on AutoDock Vina it's also around 50 faster on Linux, etc. These RPCs send XML request and reply messages over a TCP connection. Some projects benefit from switching to Linux 64-Bit. This enables the development of GUI (graphical user interface) programs. However, I am fairly familiar with systemd which would be the best way to daemonize BOINC (or any other application you wish to run as a service these days.). The BOINC client provides a set of RPCs (remote procedure calls) for control and state interrogation. I did have a play many years ago, but haven't investigated recently. That's an awesome idea! TBH, I have limited experience with BOINC. ![]() You can find several well-organized worksheets on all mathematical topics below. The best way to learn any topic is by solving practice problems. Click on your grade below to access the worksheets of the topics from the grade. Math worksheets are available for students of all grades from grade 1 to grade 10. So pick a topic and start your learning journey! The links to the list of math worksheets available on different topics have been arranged alphabetically for your convenience. Math worksheets give students immense time flexibility and allow them to solve problems at their own pace. Basic Addition Basic Addition (Addends 0-5 Sums to 10) The addition facts on these worksheets have addends up to 5 and sums up to 10. It also helps students in active learning as it creates an engaging learning experience with the help of a different variety of questions rather than passively consuming video and audio content. ![]() Math worksheets consist of visuals that help students visualize different concepts and see things from a broader perspective which can enhance learning to a great extent. These worksheets reinforce the step-wise learning mechanism which helps students approach a problem strategically, recognize their mistakes, and develop mathematical skills. This way you can create addition worksheets of different levels of difficulty depending on your child’s age or skill level.Math worksheets are curated for different grades and topics. Click the green “Download” button at the bottom of the preview image to download your PDF file.This worksheet is great for simple addition and building skills in following directions. Try adding numbers to the boxes and having them do only even or odd boxes. These clean, defined, double-digit addition equations will help children stay on task as they make their way through the problems. Each time you click on this blue Regenerate button, you will be able to generate a new worksheet. Double Digit Addition Worksheet, Without Regrouping. Click on the blue “Regenerate” button. ![]()
For olivine, the process looks like this, where olivine in the presence of carbonic acid is converted to dissolved iron, carbonate, and silicic acid:įe 2SiO 4+ 4H 2CO 3 -> 2Fe 2+ + 4HCO 3 – + H 4SiO 4 The oxidation of the iron in a ferromagnesian silicate starts with the dissolution of the iron. Oxidation is another very important chemical weathering process. On the weathered surface the feldspar has been altered to the chalky-looking clay mineral kaolinite. On the unweathered surfaces the feldspars are still fresh and glassy-looking. Figure 5.9 Unweathered (left) and weathered (right) surfaces of the same piece of granitic rock. ![]() For example, pyroxene can be converted to the clay minerals chlorite or smectite, and olivine can be converted to the clay mineral serpentine. Other silicate minerals can also go through hydrolysis, although the end results will be a little different. ![]() The hydrolysis of feldspar to clay is illustrated in Figure 5.9, which shows two images of the same granitic rock, a recently broken fresh surface on the left and a clay-altered weathered surface on the right. Those ions can eventually combine (probably in the ocean) to form the mineral calcite. In this case, we end up with the mineral kaolinite, along with calcium and carbonate ions in solution. This reaction shows calcium plagioclase feldspar, but similar reactions could also be written for sodium or potassium feldspars. ![]() Plagioclase + carbonic acid -> kaolinite + dissolved calcium + carbonate ions The hydrolysis of feldspar can be written like this:ĬaAl 2Si 2O 8 + H 2CO 3 + ½O 2 -> Al 2Si 2O 5(OH) 4 + Ca 2+ + CO 3 2. For example, calcite (CaCO 3) is soluble in acidic solutions. On the other hand, some minerals dissolve completely, and their components go into solution. For example, feldspar is altered - by hydrolysis - to clay minerals. On the one hand, some minerals become altered to other minerals. There are two main types of chemical weathering. The amount of CO 2 in the air is enough to make only very weak carbonic acid, but there is typically much more CO 2 in the soil, so water that percolates through the soil can become significantly more acidic. Then carbonic acid dissociates (comes apart) to form hydrogen and carbonate ions. Here we have water (e.g., as rain) plus carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, combining to create carbonic acid. Water + carbon dioxide -> carbonic acid then carbonic acid -> hydrgen ion + carbonate ion H 2O + CO 2 ->H 2CO 3 then H 2CO 3 -> H + + HCO 3 –, That process, which is fundamental to most chemical weathering, can be shown as follows: The important characteristics of surface conditions that lead to chemical weathering are the presence of water (in the air and on the ground surface), the abundance of oxygen, and the presence of carbon dioxide, which produces weak carbonic acid when combined with water. In general, the degree of chemical weathering is greatest in warm and wet climates, and least in cold and dry climates. ![]() Some minerals, like quartz, are virtually unaffected by chemical weathering, while others, like feldspar, are easily altered. The kinds of changes that take place are highly specific to the mineral and the environmental conditions. Chemical weathering results from chemical changes to minerals that become unstable when they are exposed to surface conditions. |
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